Evaluation of plantation ecosystem services of Badaling National Forest Farm in Beijing

The evaluation of the service function of artificial forest ecosystems is a hot topic in the field of applied ecology, and it is also a demand for high-quality development of digital ecology and forestry,theBadaling forest plantation ecosystem (mixed forest, coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest) as well as shrub forest as the research object, in Beijing． The second type of forest resources inventory data of Beijing (in 2004, 2009, 2014) and Badaling forestry carbon flux which real-time monitoring as data sources, and through field investigation and observation of typical samples as well as sample analysis to evaluate the ecosystem service function． The purpose of this study was to explore the forest management suggestions for optimizing the structure and improving the function of forest ecosystem.The analysis and evaluated results show: from 2004 to 2014, (1) the area growth rate of coniferous forest and shrub forest in Badaling forest farm was 40.3% and 174%, respectively, while that of broadleaved forest and mixed forest decreased to 36.31% and 11.61%, respectively． The forest farm was still dominated by coniferous forest and mixed forest, and these two forest area was 642 hm² and 632.73 hm², respectively in 2014． (2) Linden trees in broadleaf forests gradually became the main tree species, and the water conservation in 2014 increased by 1.55 times compared with 2009． As the dominant tree species in mixed forests, the physical amount of water conservation in Pinus tabulara increased by 67% in 2014 compared with 2004． In 2014, the shrub forest showed a large increase, and the physical amount of water conservation increased by about 1 times compared with 2004, and its value also increased accordingly． The functions and values of regulating services which carbon sequestration, oxygen release, negative oxygen ion supply, dust retention and pollutant absorption were in the order of mixed forest highest, coniferous forest follow,broadleaf forest least (P > 0.05).The value of service function of each stand had the same trend as that of functional substance． The soil fixation and fertilizer conservation functions of shrub forest were better than those of the other three stands (mixed forest, coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub forest), and the nutrient accumulation and biodiversity conservation of mixed forest and coniferous forest were better than those of broad-leaved forest． (3) The contribution of soil conservation (92.9%), biodiversity conservation (4.3%) and water conservation (2.3%) to ecosystem services more than carbon sequestration and oxygen release (0.4%), forest protection (0.04%) and air purification (0.02%)． The contribution of mixed forest and coniferous forest to plantation ecosystem services was greater than that of broad-leaved forest and shrub forest． Thus, stand types and forest area are the main determinants of ecosystem service function of plantation ecosystem． The management of plantation should be guided by soil an water conservation function, on the condition of ensuring biodiversity, attention should be paid to the function of carbon sequestration and sequestration,the existing stand should be adjusted to mixed forest and shrub forest, so as to construct an ideal plantation ecosystem with different age and multi-layer, and gradually improve ecosystem service functions of Badaling plantations in Beijing.