Analysis of land use changes in Zaozhuang based on geometric features

Land use change data in Zaozhuang, Shandong Province from 2000-2010 and from 2010-2020 are analyzed． Land use transfer matrices, land use dynamic degree, geometric features, and NMDS ordination are used to examine land use changes in both temporal and spatial dimensions from the perspectives of area, rate, and morphology． The land use types in Zaozhuang are primarily cultivated land, grassland, urban, industrial, and residential areas, with distinct spatial boundaries． Land use changes in 2000-2010 were found to be minimal, classified as extremely slow, with geometric characteristics of changing water areas differing markedly from other land types, heavily influenced by natural factors． Land use changes in 2010-2020 became pronounced, with mutual transformations occurring among all land use types, particularly in cultivated land, urban, industrial, residential areas, and grassland． The geometric features of these three types were similar but significantly different from other categories． During this later period, with the development of agriculture and industry, land structure in Zaozhuang became more rational, and the level of land intensification improved． This study provides new insights and recommendations for researching land use changes from a spatial morphology perspective．