Abstract: The expansion of impervious surface area (ISA) caused by rapid urbanization plays a crucial role in influencing the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) in China. Currently, the spatial patterns of impervious surface area and its impact on SUHII remain to be studied. This article uses satellite Land Surface Temperature (LST) data and high-resolution ISA data from 31 cities in China, to comprehensively analyze the effects of total area, aggregation, patch density and landscape shape of impervious surface, as well as the impact of population and NDVI differences on the SUHII. The results reveal significant spatial and seasonal variations in daytime SUHII, with decreasing intensity from south to north, while the opposite phenomenon is observed at night. The total area, aggregation, and landscape shape of the ISA have a positive correlation with SUHII, while the patch density has a negative correlation with SUHII. Through a stepwise multiple linear regression model, the indicators of landscape structure, population, and NDVI can explain 63.7% and 57.0% of the changes in summer day and night SUHII, 78.6%, and 78.6% and 39.8% of the changes in winter day and night SUHII. The aggregation index and landscape shape index of the ISA have a significant correlation with daytime SUHII, while the total area index and aggregation index have a significant impact on nighttime SUHII.These results can provide scientific references for optimizing urban landscape structure and reducing the impact of heat island effect on urban safety.