基于雨洪管理模型与NSGA-Ⅱ的低影响开发设施空间布局多目标优化与效益分析

Multi-objective optimization and benefit analysis of spatial layout of LID facilities based on stormwater management model and NSGA-Ⅱ

  • 摘要: 以北京市某建成小区为例,利用该小区的地形、雨水管网等数据,构建了研究区雨洪管理模型.评估了低影响开发(LID)设施对雨洪削减本身的贡献,同时通过货币化方法对设施的初始投资成本、维护成本以及在生命周期内提供的生态系统服务价值进行了计算,并进行贴现处理,最后将雨洪管理模型与效益评估进行结合,构成了耦合优化模型.考虑到LID设施在生命周期内维护成本和生态系统服务价值的增长潜力,利用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对LID设施的空间布局进行优化,以设施面积为决策变量,以径流削减率和净成本为目标函数,利用熵权-TOPSIS法对铺设方案进行综合评价与方案优选.在满足相关约束条件的前提下,实现了76.3%的径流削减率,综合净成本为1.4×106元.本研究通过对LID设施的综合效益进行评估,旨在为海绵城市建设提供更全面的决策依据,促进水资源的再利用和城市环境的改善,为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标提供重要的城市生态支持和减排途径.本研究的算法和设施附加价值的货币化结果具有一定的普适性,根据工程实际对参数进行适当调整后可适用于其他研究区,为这些区域的LID设施布局优化提供参考.

     

    Abstract: LID (low impact development) facilities are important in regulating extreme rainfall, resisting flood disasters, improving construction of “sponge cities” . Design of LID facilities, however, often ignores their ecosystem environmental benefits, there is also some lack of evaluation methods for comprehensive benefits of these facilities. Realizing the layout and optimization of LID facilities at small and medium scales and incorporating various added values of LID facilities into comprehensive evaluation system has become a research hotspot in this field. Taking a built-up community in Beijing as an example, this paper constructs a stormwater management model using data from terrain and rainwater pipe network. The benefits of LID facilities on stormwater reduction are evaluated, and the ecosystem service value provided by these facilities is quantified using a monetization method, including initial investment cost, maintenance cost and ecosystem service value provided by these facilities during their life cycle. Stormwater management model is combined with benefit evaluation to form a coupled optimization model. Considering growth potential of maintenance cost and ecosystem service value of LID facilities in their life cycle, the spatial layout of LID facilities was optimized by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). Facility area was used as decision variable, runoff reduction rate and net cost were used as objective function. Entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the scheme. Under the premise of meeting relevant constraints, a runoff reduction rate of 76.3% was achieved, comprehensive net cost was 1.4×106 yuan. This study aims to provide more comprehensive decision-making for sponge city construction, to promote reuse of water resources and improvement of urban environment, to provide important urban ecological support and emission reduction channels for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals by evaluating comprehensive benefits of LID facilities. The algorithm and monetization results of added value of facilities in this study have a certain degree of universality. After appropriate adjustment of parameters according to actual engineering, they can be applied to other study areas, providing reference for optimized layout of LID.

     

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