Abstract: Based on methods such as centroid analysis and spatial displacement index analysis, this article systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution pattern, displacement characteristics, and influencing factors of global cultivated land and grain yield data from 1961 to 2021. The results showed that: (1) In the past 60 years, the global cultivated land ownership and total grain yield have slowly increased and entered a relatively stable platform period. The overall center of gravity of cultivated land has moved towards the southeast region, and the cultivated land area in the north-south direction is more concentrated compared to the east-west direction. (2) The uneven spatial distribution of global grain yield can easily lead to regional food shortages, posing a crisis to food security. The global grain center of gravity is shifting towards the northwest, with yield in the east-west direction being more concentrated compared to the north-south direction. (3) The spatial consistency of global cultivated land and grain yield distribution is not high, and the two exhibit a negative dislocation feature as a whole. Most countries around the world are in the stage of inefficient utilization of cultivated land.