Abstract: Landslide stability has always been an important scientific issue in engineering geology, and most of the existing studies focus on landslide disasters in mountainous areas, but there are fewer studies on landslide disasters in the Loess Plateau area. Loess Plateau is an important geographic unit in northern China, and its special geological structure and climatic conditions have led to the occurrence of landslides, mudslides and other disasters in this region, which have caused great disasters and property losses to the local people, so the study of landslides in the Loess Plateau area is the difficulty and focus of Loess Disasters research. This paper focuses on the landslide disaster in loess plateau geomorphology area, and establishes a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for the evaluation of landslide susceptibility in loess plateau geomorphology area by comprehensively considering the factors of topography and geomorphology, hydrology, soil and so on. LightGBM is used to simulate the landslide susceptibility of loess plateau, and five accuracy indicators are selected to evaluate its prediction performance and robustness, and SHAP algorithm is used to analyze the influence of triggering factors on the simulation results, and the mechanism of landslide susceptibility in loess plateau geomorphic area is revealed. The LightGBM model was found to have a strong ability to simulate and predict the susceptibility of landslides in loess plateau (AUC=0.844), and the SHAP algorithm identifies the key driving factors of landslide susceptibility in loess plateau geomorphology area, namely, the distance from the road, the annual average rainfall, the degree of topographic undulation, the density of population, the depth of ground surface cutting, and the length of the slope, etc. The landslide susceptibility in the study area has been mapped based on this. On this basis, a risk map of the study area was drawn, which provides a key theoretical basis for regional landslide management and landslide disaster prevention and mitigation.