Abstract: The construction of human well-being is paramount in the academic discourse for evaluating the happiness and quality of life among residents, offering insights into the dynamics of ecological barrier regions in terms of human development. The Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), and National Happiness Index (NHI) are prevalent metrics within this scholarly evaluation. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, characterized by its ecological fragility and pivotal role in China's poverty alleviation endeavors, serves as a critical case study for assessing the efficacy of poverty reduction strategies and the socio-economic status of the population. Despite inquiry of studies in this area, scholarly research is notably lacking. This study focused on Lhasa, a central urban hub within the plateau, to appraise human well-being. By employing the HDI and human well-being indices, we scrutinized the temporal evolution of human well-being from the year 2000 to 2022, while leveraging the IHDI index to dissect the county-level spatial distribution of human well-being in Lhasa for the year 2020. The study's outcomes elucidate several key points: (1) Lhasa's HDI has demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory, escalating from 59.14 in 2000 to 78.79 in 2022, with concomitant advancements in the health, income, and education sub-indices; (2) The human well-being index for Lhasa has similarly exhibited a progressive increase, ascending from 15.86 in 2000 to 86.79 in 2022, with enhancements observed in the indices of basic living products and services, health, and social equity and security; (3) The spatial distribution of IHDI values within Lhasa delineates a concentration of higher human well-being in urban and central areas, in contrast to suburban counties where lower values are recorded. This paper contributes to the discovery of the distribution for human well-being in Lhasa, offering insights into the outcomes of poverty alleviation and the developmental trajectory of the populace's life construction within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It presents a case study that enriches the discourse on human well-being within ecologically vulnerable regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.