Abstract: With intensifying global climate change, ecological degradation of watersheds, and economic development, construction of a scientific and efficient green watershed policy management system has become very important in China’s ecological protection and sustainable development. In this study, 485 policy documents related to green watersheds issued at the national level from 1997 to 2024 are reviewed for characteristics and evolutionary patterns of these policy regimes, emphasizing four important objectives (pollution reduction, carbon reduction, greening and growth). The total number of policy documents and the number of documents corresponding to the four objectives show a phasic growth trend, with an explosive increase in 2018 and 2021, to plateauing after 2021. The analysis of sectoral synergy shows that the number of joint documents issued by policy sectors shows a steady growth each year, while the synergy of policy sectors fluctuates, with the sectoral synergy index reaching a value of 11 in 2006. The policy sectoral synergy index rose significantly after 2014, basically remaining above 2. These data suggest that China is gradually focusing on solving environmental pollution problems by integrating collaboration of various sectors. Analysis of changes in policy-focus shows that China’s green watershed policy shows a shift from end-of-pipe management and energy saving and emission reduction to systematic restoration and economic structure transformation, and gradually focuses on carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green growth synergy, and digital economic empowerment. Integration analysis of the policy system reveals that there are problems such as need for coordination in goal setting, difficulties in collaboration between policy departments, and insufficient social attention. This study therefore proposes to build an integration mechanism to improve cross-sectoral synergy mechanism, to deepen digital empowerment and other policy recommendations to support construction of a refined and modernized green watershed policy management system.