1973—2020年乌兰布和沙漠风况和输沙势变化

Variation in wind regimes and drift potential in the Ulan Buh Desert from 1973 to 2020

    摘要
  • 摘要: 风是驱动土地沙漠化进程和风沙地貌形成演化的动力因子．本研究分析了乌兰布和沙漠周围3个站点1973—2020年起沙风风速、风频率、风向及输沙势的变化特征．结果表明：1）乌兰布和沙漠的起沙风风速存在明显空间和季节差异．西南部起沙风风速最大，东南部最小，东北部居中；春季起沙风风速最大，冬季次之，夏秋季最小．近48 a乌兰布和沙漠年起沙风平均风速每10 a平均降低0.1 m·s−1，年起沙风频率每10 a平均降低0.2%．2）起沙风的主导风向存在显著区域差异，西南、东北和东南部起沙风的主导风向分别为偏北风、偏西风，以及偏南风和偏西风．近48 a乌兰布和沙漠起沙风主导风向存在显著季节和年代际差异．西南、东北和东南部起沙风主导风向的年代际变化分别呈现东北风和西北风交替主导、西南风和西北风交替主导，以及从偏南风向偏西风转变3种变化趋势．3）乌兰布和沙漠的输沙势为57.3~129.6 VU，属低风能环境．风向变率为0.31~0.68，属中等变率．近48 a乌兰布和沙漠输沙势降低了30%，降低率在沙漠东北部最大，西南部居中，东南部最小．乌兰布和沙漠输沙势的季节变化和年代际变化均存在明显的区域差异．研究结果将对乌兰布和沙漠风沙活动强度的评价、风沙地貌的演化及风沙防治措施的合理配置提供科学依据．

     

    Abstract: Wind is the driving force of land desertification and the formation and evolution of aeolian sand landforms． This study analyzed the characteristics of changes in speed, frequency, direction of sand transport wind, and drift potential at three stations around the Ulan Buh Desert from 1973 to 2020． The results show that: 1) The sand transport wind speed in the Ulan Buh Desert shows significant spatial and seasonal differences． It is the highest in the southwest, the lowest in the southeast, and intermediate in the northeast． Seasonally, it is the highest in spring, followed by winter, and the lowest in summer and autumn． In the past 48 years, the mean annual sand transport wind speed and its frequency of occurrence have decreased at rates of 0.1 m·s−1 and 0.2% per decade, respectively． 2) The dominant directions of sand transport winds in the southwest, northeast, and southeast are northerly winds, westerly winds, and southerly and westerly winds, respectively. Significant seasonal and interdecadal variations were also observed in the dominant wind direction in the past 48 years． The decadal changes in the dominant wind direction of sand transport winds in the southwest, northeast, and southeast of the desert are characterized by three trends: alternating dominance of northeast and northwest winds, alternating dominance of southwest and northwest winds, and a transition from southerly to westerly winds． 3) Drift potential of Ulan Buh Desert ranged from 57.3 to 129.6 VU, belonging to a low wind energy environment． The wind direction variability ranged from 0.31 to 0.68, indicating a moderate variability． In the past 48 years, the drift potential in the Ulan Buh Desert has decreased by 30%, with the rate of decrease being the highest in the northeast, middle in the southwest, and the lowest in the southeast． The research results will provide scientific basis for evaluating the intensity of wind and sand activity in Ulan Buh Desert, the evolution of aeolian sand landforms, and the rational allocation of wind and sand prevention measures．

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(42)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回