Abstract: The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a first-class nationally protected species in China, and its distribution is influenced by various habitat factors. Studying the relationship between the distribution of black-necked cranes and habitat factors in areas affected by power transmission and transformation projects is of great significance for their conservation. In this study, a 100-kilometer buffer zone on both sides of a transmission line was selected as the study area. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) method was used to screen key habitat factors. A Generalized Additional Model (GAM) was then constructed to predict the relationship between black-necked crane distribution and these factors. The results show that the distribution density of black-necked cranes is significantly correlated with five habitat factors: elevation, NDVI, distance to water sources, distance to roads, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter. Among these, NDVI and distance to roads show significant positive correlations with crane density, while distance to water shows a significant negative correlation. The highest distribution density occurs at elevations between 3 500 and 4 500 meters and wettest quarter temperatures ranging from 6 ℃ to 12 ℃. This study reveals the quantitative relationship between black-necked crane distribution and key habitat factors and provides scientific support for ecological protection in power transmission project areas.