Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development and major breakthroughs in the field of low-frequency antennas. It elaborates on the persistent challenges of traditional low-frequency antennas, namely their large size, low efficiency, and narrow bandwidth. By focusing on the two core technologies of mechanical antennas and coil-based magnetic induction antennas, the paper analyzes and summarizes the working principles of various novel low-frequency antenna solutions. It further discusses key technologies aimed at improving radiation efficiency and antenna bandwidth. Finally, the roles and applications of core components are analyzed. The technical challenges confronting novel low-frequency antennas are discussed, and future development directions for new low-frequency antennas are prospected, providing a valuable reference for scientific research and engineering design in this field.