Abstract: To explore the synergistic benefits of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction as well as the carbon emission reduction potential of urban recycled water plants, this study took a recycled water plant with an A²O process and a capacity of 600 000 m³·d⁻¹ as the research object, established a synergistic evaluation system for pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and set up a baseline scenario (BAU, Business as Usual), technology optimization scenarios (Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 2), five types of carbon emission reduction sub-scenarios (S1–S5), and a comprehensive scenario (S6). Quantitative analysis was conducted by combining monitoring data and simulation models. The results showed that: in terms of pollution reduction, the removal rates of COD, BOD₅, SS, NH₃-N, and TP all reached over 95% (with TN removal rate ranging from 64% to 78%), the effluent met the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (DB11 890-2012), and the pollution reduction index score reached an excellent level; in terms of carbon emission reduction, the average carbon emission reduction score under the baseline scenario was 77.2 (Grade C); the scenario implementing technologies such as sludge resource utilization, solar photovoltaic, and water-source heat pump increased the average carbon emission reduction score to 92 (a growth rate of 19.5%); the comprehensive emission reduction scenario S6 raised the carbon emission reduction index score from the baseline 77.2 to 92, with an increase of 19.5%. In terms of synergistic benefits, the comprehensive score of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction under the baseline scenario was 87.7 (Grade B), and after technology integration, the comprehensive score reached 95.1 (excellent level). In addition, under scenario S6, the comprehensive score of green low-carbon operation of the recycled water plant was 11.6% higher than that under BAU, the interannual carbon emission intensity decreased to 0.297 kg·m⁻³, and the carbon emission intensity per unit of wastewater decreased by 0.8%. The study indicated that resource recovery and clean energy utilization technologies are the core pathways to improve the synergistic benefits of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction in recycled water plants, providing efficient technical support for recycled water plants to integrate into “dual-carbon” management.