Abstract: Leveling is currently still the preferred method of high-precision height control measurement．In this paper we propose a new method based on ultra-high-order gravity field model to detect gross error in leveling．We found that both EGM2008 and EIGEN-6c4 gravity field models are of high precision．The proportion of significant level coefficient K values in areas A and B as calculated by these two models and meeting the third-class tolerance K values was found to be not less than 78%．The proportion that meeting the fourth-class tolerance K values was not less than 95%．Therefore high-precision earth gravity field model provides the possibility to detect leveling gross errors．This method was found to show good effect when applied to leveling gross error detection．The larger the leveling errors are, the higher the success rate is of gross error detection．The success rate of gross error detection by this method is improved further when remove-restore method is used to calculate normal height．