Abstract: Low oxygen levels at high altitudes (≥ 2500 meters above sea level) threaten the health of human populations． Altitude is not the only factor affecting near-surface atmospheric oxygen content on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau． Combined temperature and vegetation factors may also influence oxygen content but this has not been documented for the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau． In this study, field route survey measurements were made along the Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang routes in the summer of 2019-2022, data were obtained at 90 sampling points． Relationships were examined between near-surface oxygen content and elevation, vegetation (net primary productivity, leaf area index, vegetation cover, length of the growing season), climatic variables (air temperature, mean monthly precipitation) in the dry valleys of the Three Parallel Rivers Region． Temperature, elevation, LAI, precipitation, NPP and FVC were found to be important variables in predicting near-surface oxygen content in the Three Parallel Rivers Region． Elevation was the main factor influencing spatial variability of near-surface oxygen content． The standardized direct effect of vegetations on near-surface oxygen content in the present study area was significantly reduced compared with that of the entire Qinghai-Xizang Plateau． Different drivers of near-surface oxygen content should be incorporated into Earth system models to reduce uncertainty in predicting oxygen dynamics and its potential feedback to global warming．